Cochineal red is a pigment extracted from the bodies of female cochineal insects that parasitize cactus plants. It is obtained by grinding the dried bodies of female cochineal insects and extracting the red pigment with water. The main component is carminic acid, which is a derivative of anthraquinone. Cochineal insects are native to Central and South America, as well as Mexico. Cochineal red appears as red diamond-shaped crystals or reddish-brown powder. It is insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in hot water or ethanol, soluble in alkalis, and insoluble in dilute acids, ether, chloroform, and benzene. Cochineal red is an excellent natural food red pigment. It exhibits a bright purplish-red color in weakly acidic or neutral environments, but the hue changes under alkaline conditions. The pigment solution has maximum absorption at a wavelength of 494nm and pH 5.7. The national standard "GB 1886.315-2021 Food Safety National Standard for Food Additives Cochineal Red and Its Aluminum Lake" was published on February 22, 2021 and implemented on August 22, 2022, filling the gap in product national standards.
Characteristics: Red to dark red (purple) liquid or powdered solid.
Application:
Cochineal red exhibits good storage stability and heat stability, but poor light stability. Additionally, it has weak oxidative resistance and is significantly affected by the presence of Fe3+ metal ions. However, reducing substances can protect the color of the pigment. Moreover, cochineal red is stable with most food additives and has a wide range of applications. Specific industry categories and usage levels can be referenced from the relevant provisions in the "GB2760-2014 National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives." It can be used in collagen casings according to production needs, with a maximum usage level of 0.1g/kg in cheese and reconstituted cheese products, puffed foods, 0.6g/kg in fruit and vegetable powder, solid beverages, tea (type) beverages, and 1.0g/kg in compound seasonings. The maximum usage level in processed meat products (meat additives) was supplemented to be 0.08g/kg according to the announcement (2022, No. 5) regarding seven "novel foods" including lactase, published on September 7, 2022.
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